l   <2歲濕疹、異味性皮膚炎、過敏性鼻炎可免費做過敏原測試,自費2000

l   岳飛是蕁麻疹體質

l   鼻黏膜上一片白+eosinophil↑:過敏性鼻炎

l   Angioedema嚴重時呼吸器沒用,用tracheostomy

l   發燒?皮疹?關節炎?→診斷autoimmune
自體免疫疾病是AIR收入穩定來源

l   一來腰痛絕對不是RA,不會從脊椎來

l   AS不用當兵

l   “Pencil in cap”psoriatic arthritis

l   “saddle nose”:多發性皮肌炎、梅毒、類肉瘤

l   硬皮症:器官組織fibrosis,無法阻止

l   RFrheumatoid factor,要和anti-CCP比較,先在RA發現,故得名
positive
CH: chronic liver or lung dz
R: RA
O: other SLE, PSS, MCTD, sarcoid, PM, SS
N: neoplasm, post radiation or C/T
I: infection, AIDS
C: cryoglobulin(>37
℃沉澱,<37℃溶解)

l   不能過度依賴檢驗來診斷風濕病or調整藥物劑量,只有少數是highly sensitivespecific

l   ESRWestergen methodWintrobe method
上升→女性懷孕、agefatanemiainfection(35%)、多發性骨髓瘤(>100mm/hr, Ig, plasma viscosity),要問complete hx, PE, routine testrepeat ESRcheck serum protein electrophoresis(SPEP), CRP
下降→polycythemiahypofibrinogenemiaCHFspherocytosissickle cellsafibrinogenemia
agammaglobulinemia
Upper limit of ESR
:男性age/2、女性
(age+10)/2
常用於RA,最specific用於血管炎:polymyalgia rheumaticatemporal arteritis

l   CRP5subunit結合的環狀,和S. pneumoniaC polysaccharide反應,受值高低不受fibrinogen, Ig, RBC量或形狀影響,ligandphospholipidnormal < 0.08mg/dL,一但上升1000倍,可能bacterial infection(virus不會昇高)vasculitismetastatic cancer、痛風發作,比LDL更好預測心血管疾病、甚至type2DM
Low CRP levels in lupus
,因為IFN type I上升,抑制
CRP induction
>60
lupus serositischronic synovitisinfection,和leukocyte上的Fc receptor結合

normal
OACRP<1,不受年齡影響

l   Ferritin:在多數tissue, bone marrow, RES
上升→infalmmationmalignancy
liver dz
>5000
adult onset Still’s dz

l   Haptoglobin:電永在alpha 2 globulin區域,是acute phase protein
下降→remove free plasma hemoglobinhemolysis、更多inflammationmalignancy

l   AIR三個里程碑:1948LE cell的發現、1949isolate cortisol(RA病人開始可以走)、生物製劑

l   ANA:用indirect immunofluorescents test,冷凍切片
homogeneous pattern
SLE
discrete speckled
centromere Ab
speckled
→密:多發型硬化症;疏:硬皮症

nuclear type
→硬皮症

l   PAPS抗磷脂質抗體症候群,臨床表現和SLE overlap

l   Autoantibody和自體免疫疾病致病機轉大多無關,只是marker

l   MCTD:肌炎、raynaud、關節腫痛、RNP↑↑

l   Limitted scleroderma(CREST)centromere,較易有pulmonary artery hypertension

l   Sjogren’s syndromeSS-A, SS-B

l   Anti-centromere Ab:有絲分裂中期才出現,預測皮膚範圍大,甚至心血管

l   False-negative ANA:可能antigen溶解

l   Anti-double strand DNA Ab可做疾病長期的追蹤

l   Anti-synthetase syndrome多在肌肉發炎的case
Ab against t-RNA synthetase(anti-Jo1, antiPL7, antiPL12)
,造成fever, Raynaud’s, mechanic hands, myositis, plyarthritis, interstitial lung dz(CThoney comb)

l   APSembolism

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